MSK Library Guides: COVID Impacts: Cumulative Risks of Long COVID
Detailed information and resources on the long-term health consequences of COVID-19 infection and the broad social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic
Repeat COVID-19 infections increase risk of organ failure, death | WashU Medicine
Researchers recommend masks, vaccines, vigilance to prevent reinfection
How Risky Are Repeat COVID Infections? What We Know So Far | Scientif…
“Every time you get infected [with COVID], it does harm to the body in some way,” says Avindra Nath, a neurologist at the National Institutes of Health who has led research on long COVID and other post-viral conditions.
Study suggests reinfections from the virus that causes COVID-19
NIH-funded analysis of health record data shows severe reinfections often follow severe first infections.
Every COVID Infection Increases Your Risk of Long COVID, Study Warns
“Each subsequent COVID infection will increase your risk of developing chronic health issues like diabetes, kidney disease, organ failure and even mental health problems,” physician Rambod Rouhbakhsh warned journalist Sara Berg in an American Medical Association podcast earlier this year.
“This dispels the myth that repeated brushes with the virus are mild and you don’t have to worry about it. It is akin to playing Russian roulette.”
Long COVID: For the 1 in 10 patients who become long-haulers, COVID-19 has lasting effects
Not much is known about “long COVID,” including who, when or how badly it will strike, how long it might take to recover, or whether complete recovery is possible for all.
Long COVID is becoming a serious social and economic issue for Australia
Among the current generation of kids, many are growing up with their mother or father confined to bed or confined to bed themselves. According to a study by ANU, long COVID is hitting up to an estimated 20% of Australians three months after they contracted COVID — mostly women, but also men and children. In the current COVID wave, that means a lot of people coming down sick for a long time.
Long COVID is keeping people from their jobs and their lives, and as COVID cases continue, it is unclear whether the rate of new long COVID cases is increasing faster than the old cases recover.
Analysis shows significant financial burden of long COVID in US
Managing long-COVID cases could cost US employers $1.99 billion to $6.49 billion annually, according to a new model published yesterday in the Journal of Infectious Diseases. The model estimates current and future financial burdens related to long COVID, which affects an estimated 44.7 million to 48.0 million Americans.
Persistent symptoms and clinical findings in adults with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19/post-COVID-19 syndrome in the second year after acute infection: A population-based, nested case-control study
"In this study, we observed that the majority of working age patients with PCS did not recover in the second year of their illness. Patterns of reported symptoms remained essentially similar, non-specific and dominated by fatigue, exercise intolerance and cognitive complaints."
If You’ve Had COVID-19, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Could Be Next
COVID and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome have a lot of overlapping symptoms and researchers are beginning to wonder if the two could be related.
Neurocognitive Impairment in Long COVID: A Systematic Review
Of the 516 studies assessed for eligibility, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. All included studies support the presence of persistent cognitive changes after COVID-19 disease. Executive function, memory, attention, and processing speed appear to be the cognitive domains that are predominantly associated with long-COVID syndrome, whereas language is an area that has not been sufficiently investigated.
Remodeling of intracellular architecture during SARS-CoV-2 infection of human endothelium
SARS-CoV-2 causes vascular dysfunction by stiffening endothelial cells, even without fully replicating in them. This applies to multiple variants (Alpha, Beta, Delta). This stiffening (loss of elasticity) disrupts blood flow regulation, promotes inflammation, and increases clotting risk. The study highlights endothelial dysfunction as a direct viral effect, not just due to systemic inflammation or cytokines.
Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of…
Researchers analyzed 18 studies covering 10,530 patients to assess neurological and mental health symptoms after COVID-19. The most common symptoms were fatigue (37%), brain fog (32%), memory problems (28%), attention issues (22%), muscle pain (17%), loss of smell (12%), taste changes (10%), and headaches (15%). Mental health symptoms included sleep disturbances (31%), anxiety (23%), and depression (17%), which became more common over time
Brain imaging and neuropsychological assessment of individuals recovered from a mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection | PNAS
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have been shown to affect the central nervous system, the investiga...
MSK Library Guides: COVID Impacts: Cardiovascular
"While COVID-19 is considered a "respiratory virus", it manifests through the entire body. Cardiovascular complications have been well-documented in acute COVID-19 infection, and recent research is showing that it also causes significant cardiovascular manifestations in the post-acute phase of the disease."
Brain abnormalities in survivors of COVID-19 after 2-year recovery: a functional MRI study
This long-term study suggests that individuals recovering from COVID-19 continue to experience cognitive complaints, psychiatric and neurological symptoms, and brain functional alteration. The MRI results indicated that the changes in brain function in regions such as the putamen, temporal lobe, and superior parietal gyrus may contribute to cognitive complaints in individuals with long COVID even 2 years after acute infection.
Developmental impairment in children exposed during pregnancy to maternal SARS-COV2: A Brazilian cohort study
20.3% of children whose mothers had Covid during pregnancy and 5.9% of the control group received a diagnosis of neurodevelopmental delay within 12 months of life.
CHOP Researchers Find Elevated Biomarker Related to Blood Vessel Damage in All Children with SARS-CoV-2 Regardless of Disease Severity
Researchers at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) have found elevated levels of a biomarker related to blood vessel damage in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, even if the children had minimal or no symptoms of COVID-19. They also found that a high proportion of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection met clinical and diagnostic criteria for thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). TMA is a syndrome that involves clotting in the small blood vessels and has been identified as a potential cause for severe manifestations of COVID-19 in adults.
Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection
Nature Medicine - A new analysis using US Department of Veterans Affairs databases showed that reinfection is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, hospitalization and a wide range...
Long COVID Now Looks like a Neurological Disease, Helping Doctors to …
People with long COVID have symptoms such as pain, extreme fatigue and “brain fog,” or difficulty concentrating or remembering things. As of March 2023, the syndrome was estimated to affect more than 15 million adults in the U.S., and a 2022 report found that it had forced between two million and four million Americans out of the workforce. Long COVID often arises in otherwise healthy young people, and it can follow even a mild initial infection.
Do Repeat COVID Infections Increase the Risk of Severe Disease or Lon…
Type 1 Diabetes Incidence and Risk in Children With a Diagnosis of COVID-19
Examining data in over 1 million children from medical records, the incidence of type I diabetes diabetes was increased 2x among those infected with COVID-19 in the first 3 months post-COVID, but risk remained elevated up to 15 months compared to those without a diagnosis of COVID.
Comparative study showed that children faced a 78% higher risk of new-onset conditions after they had COVID-19
![Long COVID impacting more than 1 million [American] children: CDC study suggests](https://rdl.ink/render/https%3A%2F%2Fs.abcnews.com%2Fimages%2FHealth%2Flong-covid-kids-as-jm-250203_1738592744610_hpMain_16x9_992.jpg?width=350&height=&ar=16:9&mode=crop&dpr=2)
Long COVID impacting more than 1 million [American] children: CDC study suggests
More than 1 million American children were affected by Long Covid in 2023 alone.
Sex Differences in Long COVID
Cohort study of 12,276 people found female sex is associated with 31% increased risk of LongCovid. the risk was highest in the 40-55 age group of non-menopausal women.
Covid may increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and deaths for three years after an infection, a new study suggests | CNN
Covid-19 continues to be a powerful risk factor for future heart attacks and strokes for almost three years following the infection, a large new study suggests.
CDC Says About 20% Get Long COVID. New Models Try to Define It
New research is not only helping to define how many people may have long COVID, but also helping to find the tools to properly define exactly what the condition is -- and isn't.
Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
This study aims to develop a definition of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) based on self-reported symptoms and describe PASC frequencies across cohorts, vaccination status, and number of infections using a cohort of adults with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Nearly One in Five American Adults Who Have Had COVID-19 Still Have "Long COVID"
National Center for Health Statistics
Long COVID science, research and policy
Nature Medicine - This Review outlines the current state of scientific evidence on long COVID, discusses its impacts on patients, health systems, economies and global health metrics, and proposes a...